Gonotsky's 1927 claim put to rest forever

Murray Cash, April 2003

In the 2nd International Match, USA-GB, 1927, Sam Gonotsky turned in his scoresheet to captain Heffner, (in)famously claiming that his score of 13-0-27 was the greatest of all time, as he was in no wins and no losses, thus improving on Richard Jordan's score of 1905.
Sam Gonotsky

Various analysts have attacked this statement over the years, one of the latest being the excellent "Gonotsky's Waterloo" article by Fortman and Sheehan, ACFB Dec 2002, showing that in Round 9 against A.B Scott, Gonotsky was in a loss had Scott played correctly.

Then Nemesis corrected this article to show that Gonotsky had an amazing defensive resource at hand, thus preserving his great claim of above. See the Gonotsky's Great Escape article for details.

But finally after 76 years, Gonotsky's claims are proven wrong by the world computer champion Nemesis, showing three occasions where Gonotsky did miss wins. This was only 1 part of the 3 claims he made; that his performance was better than Richard Jordan's in 1905, Nemesis agrees! Also, that Gonotsky was never in a loss, Nemesis agrees! One thing that even Nemesis cannot argue with, is that Gonotsky's performance was magnificent, and this is untainted by the analysis of the best computers.

Gonotsky won the 3 games where he missed wins anyway, and there is a fourth position still under scrutiny.

If you have any queries against this play, please email mc__AT__nemesis.info. Please replace __AT__ with @ to email.

1st missed win: 1927 International Match, Round 4, 3rd Game, R.T.Ward - S.Gonotsky

11-16 23-18 16-20 24-19 10-14 18-15 14-18 (A) 21-17 7-11 17-13*(B) 9-14(C) 28-24 11-16(D) 15-10 16-23 26-19 6-15 19-10 2-6 22-15 8-11 15-8 6-15 30-26 4-11 26-23 14-17 25-21 17-22 21-17 1-6 17-14 15-18 13-9 6-13 14-10 11-15 23-14 12-16 10-6 16-19 32-28 13-17 6-2 17-21 14-10 21-25 10-6 25-30 6-1 5-9 2-6 9-14 6-9 14-18 9-14 19-23 24-19 15-24 28-19 23-32 14-23 32-28 19-16 30-25 1-6 25-21 6-10 21-17 16-11 28-32 11-7 3-8 7-2 8-12 2-6 17-21 10-14 20-24 23-26 white wins.

(A) Ward's losing move.
(B) Gonotsky went 28-24? here, missing a very long and complex win shown in the main line above. After 28-24, red must play 2-7*(B-1) 17-14 11-16 26-23 6-10 15-6 1-26 31-15 8-11 15-8 4-11 25-22 7-10 29-25 9-13 22-18 13-17 25-21 17-22 21-17 22-26 18-15 11-18 23-7 16-23 27-18 3-10 30-23 20-27 23-19 27-31 draw.
(B-1) In the game with Gonotsky, Ward played 11-16?, a move Nemesis suspects is a loser, but not yet proven as it resolves down to a long Rattlesnake style ending, with a white win the most likely result. The game continued, 11-16? 17-13?, (Gonotsky may possibly have made another error here, allowing a draw, this is the fourth error mentioned above), 16-23 26-19 9-14? (Ward lost the game here, Nemesis says 3-7* would have drawn, and Heffner claimed 2-7 was the correct move to draw here).
(C) 3-7 22-17 11-16 17-14 16-23 26-19 20-24 27-20 18-23 14-10 7-14 31-26 14-18 28-24 8-11 15-8 4-11 32-28 11-16 20-11 23-27 26-22 18-23 22-17 27-31 19-16 12-19 24-15 31-27 25-22 27-31 white wins.
Also at note (C), 11-16 22-17 16-23 26-19 3-7 same, white wins.
(D) 14-17 15-10 6-15 19-10 17-21 22-15 11-18 24-19 18-23 27-18 2-6 19-15 8-11 15-8 4-11 25-22 6-15 18-14 12-16 white wins.


2nd missed win: 1927 International Match, Round 10, Game 1, Gonotsky - Kilgour

10-14 22-18 11-15 18-11 8-15 26-22 6-10 23-19 7-11 22-17 9-13 30-26 13-22 25-9 5-14 26-23?(A) 2-7*(B) 24-20(C) 15-24 28-19 11-15 32-28 15-24 28-19 7-11 31-26 11-15 19-16 12-19 23-16 15-19 27-23 19-24 16-11 24-27 26-22 27-31 11-7 Red wins.

(A) Kilgour's first losing move. 26-22 is standard play now.
(B) Gonotsky's 11-16? only draws, 11-16? 24-20 15-24 20-11 3-8 27-20 8-15 32-27 (31-26 also draws and may be neater) 4-8 27-24(B-1) 8-11 31-26 15-18 23-19 18-23 29-25 23-30 19-16 12-19 24-8 30-26 20-16 14-18 8-3 10-14 to a draw, red cannot win the man on 25.
(B-1) Correcting Kilgour's 29-25?, his second losing move. The rest of the game continued 29-25? 1-6 27-24 8-11 25-22 6-9 31-26 9-13 24-19 15-24 28-19 11-15 20-16 15-24 22-18 12-19 18-9 24-27 23-16 27-31 red wins.
Also at note (B-1), Heffner correctly gave 31-26 to draw, although his analysis was faulty. 31-26 8-11 27-24* (Heffner's 26-22? loses by 1-6 22-17 15-18 29-25 12-16* red wins, by Al Lyman, verified by Nemesis) into note (B), draw.
(C) 29-25? 4-8 25-22, 12-16! 19-12 14-18 23-14 10-26 31-22 15-19 24-15 11-25 red wins.


3rd missed win: 1927 International Match, Round 10, Game 2, Kilgour - Gonotsky

10-14 22-18 6-10 25-22 11-15 18-11 8-15 29-25 9-13 23-18 14-23 27-11 7-16 22-18 4-8 24-20 8-11 28-24 5-9 26-23*(A) 10-15 25-22 2-7(C) 32-28 16-19 23-16 12-19 20-16 11-27 18-2 white wins.

(A) Gonotsky missed the winning move, instead playing 25-22? 3-7 26-23 10-14*(B) 24-19 7-10 32-28 2-6 30-26 10-15 19-10 6-15 22-17 15-22 17-10 22-25 21-17 13-22 26-17 9-13 17-14 25-30 to a draw.
(B) This is the drawing move. Kilgour played the 10-15? loser.
(C) 3-7 32-28 and now 7-10 or 16-19 succumb, white wins.

In comparison, Richard Jordan's 1905 errors were as follows (analysis by Nemesis):

Round 1 game 2 vs. AJ Heffner: Missed a win
Round 3 game 3 vs. HB Reynolds: Missed a win
Round 3 game 4 vs. HB Reynolds: Missed a win
Round 5 game 3 vs. JF Horr: Jordan was in an incredible FOUR losses but managed to draw somehow.
Round 5 game 4 vs. JF Horr: Missed a win
Round 6 game 2 vs. A Schaefer: Missed a win
Round 6 game 4 vs. A Schaefer: Missed a win
Round 7 game 1 vs. WG Hill: In a loss
Round 10 game 4 vs. C.F.Barker: Missed a win

This means Gonotsky's performance was much better, with 3 errors, against Jordan's 12.